Typography Headings, paragraphs, lists, and other inline type elements

Headings & body copy

Typographic scale

The entire typographic grid is based on two Less variables in our variables.less file: @baseFontSize and @baseLineHeight. The first is the base font-size used throughout and the second is the base line-height.

We use those variables, and some math, to create the margins, paddings, and line-heights of all our type and more.

Example body text

Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula.

Lead body copy

Make a paragraph stand out by adding .lead.

Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus dolor auctor. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus.

h1. Heading 1

h2. Heading 2

h3. Heading 3

h4. Heading 4

h5. Heading 5
h6. Heading 6

Emphasis, address, and abbreviation

Element Usage Optional
<strong> For emphasizing a snippet of text with important None
<em> For emphasizing a snippet of text with stress None
<abbr> Wraps abbreviations and acronyms to show the expanded version on hover

Include optional title attribute for expanded text

Use .initialism class for uppercase abbreviations.
<address> For contact information for its nearest ancestor or the entire body of work Preserve formatting by ending all lines with <br>

Using emphasis

Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Maecenas faucibus mollis interdum. Nulla vitae elit libero, a pharetra augue.

Note: Feel free to use <b> and <i> in HTML5, but their usage has changed a bit. <b> is meant to highlight words or phrases without conveying additional importance while <i> is mostly for voice, technical terms, etc.

Example addresses

Here are two examples of how the <address> tag can be used:

Twitter, Inc.
795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600
San Francisco, CA 94107
P: (123) 456-7890
Full Name
first.last@gmail.com

Example abbreviations

Abbreviations with a title attribute have a light dotted bottom border and a help cursor on hover. This gives users extra indication something will be shown on hover.

Add the initialism class to an abbreviation to increase typographic harmony by giving it a slightly smaller text size.

HTML is the best thing since sliced bread.

An abbreviation of the word attribute is attr.

Blockquotes

Element Usage Optional
<blockquote> Block-level element for quoting content from another source

Add cite attribute for source URL

Use .pull-left and .pull-right classes for floated options
<small> Optional element for adding a user-facing citation, typically an author with title of work Place the <cite> around the title or name of source

To include a blockquote, wrap <blockquote> around any HTML as the quote. For straight quotes we recommend a <p>.

Include an optional <small> element to cite your source and you'll get an em dash &mdash; before it for styling purposes.

<blockquote>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante venenatis.</p>
  <small>Someone famous</small>
</blockquote>

Example blockquotes

Default blockquotes are styled as such:

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante venenatis.

Someone famous in Body of work

To float your blockquote to the right, add class="pull-right":

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante venenatis.

Someone famous in Body of work

Lists

Unordered

<ul>

  • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
  • Consectetur adipiscing elit
  • Integer molestie lorem at massa
  • Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
  • Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
    • Phasellus iaculis neque
    • Purus sodales ultricies
    • Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
    • Ac tristique libero volutpat at
  • Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
  • Aenean sit amet erat nunc
  • Eget porttitor lorem

Unstyled

<ul class="unstyled">

  • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
  • Consectetur adipiscing elit
  • Integer molestie lorem at massa
  • Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
  • Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
    • Phasellus iaculis neque
    • Purus sodales ultricies
    • Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
    • Ac tristique libero volutpat at
  • Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
  • Aenean sit amet erat nunc
  • Eget porttitor lorem

Ordered

<ol>

  1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
  2. Consectetur adipiscing elit
  3. Integer molestie lorem at massa
  4. Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
  5. Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
  6. Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
  7. Aenean sit amet erat nunc
  8. Eget porttitor lorem

Description

<dl>

Description lists
A description list is perfect for defining terms.
Euismod
Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
Malesuada porta
Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.

Horizontal description

<dl class="dl-horizontal">

Description lists
A description list is perfect for defining terms.
Euismod
Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
Malesuada porta
Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Felis euismod semper eget lacinia
Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus.

Heads up! Horizontal description lists will truncate terms that are too long to fit in the left column fix text-overflow. In narrower viewports, they will change to the default stacked layout.

Code Inline and block code snippets

Inline

Wrap inline snippets of code with <code>.

For example, <code>section</code> should be wrapped as inline.

Basic block

Use <pre> for multiple lines of code. Be sure to escape any angle brackets in the code for proper rendering.

<p>Sample text here...</p>

<pre>
  &lt;p&gt;Sample text here...&lt;/p&gt;
</pre>

Note: Be sure to keep code within <pre> tags as close to the left as possible; it will render all tabs.

You may optionally add the .pre-scrollable class which will set a max-height of 350px and provide a y-axis scrollbar.

Google Prettify

Take the same <pre> element and add two optional classes for enhanced rendering.

<p>Sample text here...</p>

<pre class="prettyprint
     linenums">
  &lt;p&gt;Sample text here...&lt;/p&gt;
</pre>

Download google-code-prettify and view the readme for how to use.

Tables For, you guessed it, tabular data

Table markup

Tag Description
<table> Wrapping element for displaying data in a tabular format
<thead> Container element for table header rows (<tr>) to label table columns
<tbody> Container element for table rows (<tr>) in the body of the table
<tr> Container element for a set of table cells (<td> or <th>) that appears on a single row
<td> Default table cell
<th> Special table cell for column (or row, depending on scope and placement) labels
Must be used within a <thead>
<caption> Description or summary of what the table holds, especially useful for screen readers 
<table>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>…</th>
      <th>…</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>…</td>
      <td>…</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

Table options

Name Class Description
Default None No styles, just columns and rows
Basic .table Only horizontal lines between rows
Bordered .table-bordered Rounds corners and adds outer border
Zebra-stripe .table-striped Adds light gray background color to odd rows (1, 3, 5, etc)
Condensed .table-condensed Cuts vertical padding in half, from 8px to 4px, within all td and th elements

Example tables

1. Default table styles

Tables are automatically styled with only a few borders to ensure readability and maintain structure. With 2.0, the .table class is required.

<table class="table">
  …
</table>
# First Name Last Name Username
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter

2. Striped table

Get a little fancy with your tables by adding zebra-striping—just add the .table-striped class.

Note: Striped tables use the :nth-child CSS selector and is not available in IE7-IE8.

<table class="table table-striped">
  …
</table>
# First Name Last Name Username
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter

3. Bordered table

Add borders around the entire table and rounded corners for aesthetic purposes.

<table class="table table-bordered">
  …
</table>
# First Name Last Name Username
1 Mark Otto @mdo
Mark Otto @TwBootstrap
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter

4. Condensed table

Make your tables more compact by adding the .table-condensed class to cut table cell padding in half (from 8px to 4px).

<table class="table table-condensed">
  …
</table>
# First Name Last Name Username
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter

5. Combine them all!

Feel free to combine any of the table classes to achieve different looks by utilizing any of the available classes.

<table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-condensed">
  ...
</table>
Full name
# First Name Last Name Username
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter

Forms

Flexible HTML and CSS

The best part about forms in Bootstrap is that all your inputs and controls look great no matter how you build them in your markup. No superfluous HTML is required, but we provide the patterns for those who require it.

More complicated layouts come with succinct and scalable classes for easy styling and event binding, so you're covered at every step.

Four layouts included

Bootstrap comes with support for four types of form layouts:

  • Vertical (default)
  • Search
  • Inline
  • Horizontal

Different types of form layouts require some changes to markup, but the controls themselves remain and behave the same.

Control states and more

Bootstrap's forms include styles for all the base form controls like input, textarea, and select you'd expect. But it also comes with a number of custom components like appended and prepended inputs and support for lists of checkboxes.

States like error, warning, and success are included for each type of form control. Also included are styles for disabled controls.

Four types of forms

Bootstrap provides simple markup and styles for four styles of common web forms.

Name Class Description
Vertical (default) .form-vertical (not required) Stacked, left-aligned labels over controls
Inline .form-inline Left-aligned label and inline-block controls for compact style
Search .form-search Extra-rounded text input for a typical search aesthetic
Horizontal .form-horizontal Float left, right-aligned labels on same line as controls

Example forms using just form controls, no extra markup

Basic form

Smart and lightweight defaults without extra markup.

Example block-level help text here.

<form class="well">
  <label>Label name</label>
  <input type="text" class="span3" placeholder="Type something…">
  <span class="help-block">Example block-level help text here.</span>
  <label class="checkbox">
    <input type="checkbox"> Check me out
  </label>
  <button type="submit" class="btn">Submit</button>
</form>

Search form

Add .form-search to the form and .search-query to the input.

<form class="well form-search">
  <input type="text" class="input-medium search-query">
  <button type="submit" class="btn">Search</button>
</form>

Inline form

Add .form-inline to finesse the vertical alignment and spacing of form controls.

<form class="well form-inline">
  <input type="text" class="input-small" placeholder="Email">
  <input type="password" class="input-small" placeholder="Password">
  <label class="checkbox">
    <input type="checkbox"> Remember me
  </label>
  <button type="submit" class="btn">Sign in</button>
</form>

Horizontal forms

Shown on the right are all the default form controls we support. Here's the bulleted list:

  • text inputs (text, password, email, etc)
  • checkbox
  • radio
  • select
  • multiple select
  • file input
  • textarea

In addition to freeform text, any HTML5 text-based input appears like so.

Example markup

Given the above example form layout, here's the markup associated with the first input and control group. The .control-group, .control-label, and .controls classes are all required for styling.

<form class="form-horizontal">
  <fieldset>
    <legend>Legend text</legend>
    <div class="control-group">
      <label class="control-label" for="input01">Text input</label>
      <div class="controls">
        <input type="text" class="input-xlarge" id="input01">
        <p class="help-block">Supporting help text</p>
      </div>
    </div>
  </fieldset>
</form>

Form control states

Bootstrap features styles for browser-supported focused and disabled states. We remove the default Webkit outline and apply a box-shadow in its place for :focus.

Form validation

It also includes validation styles for errors, warnings, and success. To use, add the error class to the surrounding .control-group.

<fieldset
  class="control-group error">
  …
</fieldset>
Some value here
Something may have gone wrong
Please correct the error
Woohoo!
Woohoo!

Extending form controls

Prepend & append inputs

Input groups—with appended or prepended text—provide an easy way to give more context for your inputs. Great examples include the @ sign for Twitter usernames or $ for finances.

Checkboxes and radios

Up to v1.4, Bootstrap required extra markup around checkboxes and radios to stack them. Now, it's a simple matter of repeating the <label class="checkbox"> that wraps the <input type="checkbox">.

Inline checkboxes and radios are also supported. Just add .inline to any .checkbox or .radio and you're done.

Inline forms and append/prepend

To use prepend or append inputs in an inline form, be sure to place the .add-on and input on the same line, without spaces.

Form help text

To add help text for your form inputs, include inline help text with <span class="help-inline"> or a help text block with <p class="help-block"> after the input element.

Use the same .span* classes from the grid system for input sizes.

You may also use static classes that don't map to the grid, adapt to the responsive CSS styles, or account for varying types of controls (e.g., input vs. select).

@

Here's some help text

.00
Here's more help text
$.00

Note: Labels surround all the options for much larger click areas and a more usable form.

Buttons

Button class="" Description
btn Standard gray button with gradient
btn btn-primary Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons
btn btn-info Used as an alternative to the default styles
btn btn-success Indicates a successful or positive action
btn btn-warning Indicates caution should be taken with this action
btn btn-danger Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action
btn btn-inverse Alternate dark gray button, not tied to a semantic action or use

Buttons for actions

As a convention, buttons should only be used for actions while hyperlinks are to be used for objects. For instance, "Download" should be a button while "recent activity" should be a link.

Button styles can be applied to anything with the .btn class applied. However, typically you'll want to apply these to only <a> and <button> elements.

Cross browser compatibility

IE9 doesn't crop background gradients on rounded corners, so we remove it. Related, IE9 jankifies disabled button elements, rendering text gray with a nasty text-shadow that we cannot fix.

Multiple sizes

Fancy larger or smaller buttons? Add .btn-large, .btn-small, or .btn-mini for two additional sizes.


Disabled state

For disabled buttons, add the .disabled class to links and the disabled attribute for <button> elements.

Primary link Link

Heads up! We use .disabled as a utility class here, similar to the common .active class, so no prefix is required.

One class, multiple tags

Use the .btn class on an <a>, <button>, or <input> element.

Link 
<a class="btn" href="">Link</a>
<button class="btn" type="submit">
  Button
</button>
<input class="btn" type="button"
         value="Input">
<input class="btn" type="submit"
         value="Submit">

As a best practice, try to match the element for you context to ensure matching cross-browser rendering. If you have an input, use an <input type="submit"> for your button.

Icons Graciously provided by Glyphicons

  • icon-glass
  • icon-music
  • icon-search
  • icon-envelope
  • icon-heart
  • icon-star
  • icon-star-empty
  • icon-user
  • icon-film
  • icon-th-large
  • icon-th
  • icon-th-list
  • icon-ok
  • icon-remove
  • icon-zoom-in
  • icon-zoom-out
  • icon-off
  • icon-signal
  • icon-cog
  • icon-trash
  • icon-home
  • icon-file
  • icon-time
  • icon-road
  • icon-download-alt
  • icon-download
  • icon-upload
  • icon-inbox
  • icon-play-circle
  • icon-repeat
  • icon-refresh
  • icon-list-alt
  • icon-lock
  • icon-flag
  • icon-headphones
  • icon-volume-off
  • icon-volume-down
  • icon-volume-up
  • icon-qrcode
  • icon-barcode
  • icon-tag
  • icon-tags
  • icon-book
  • icon-bookmark
  • icon-print
  • icon-camera
  • icon-font
  • icon-bold
  • icon-italic
  • icon-text-height
  • icon-text-width
  • icon-align-left
  • icon-align-center
  • icon-align-right
  • icon-align-justify
  • icon-list
  • icon-indent-left
  • icon-indent-right
  • icon-facetime-video
  • icon-picture
  • icon-pencil
  • icon-map-marker
  • icon-adjust
  • icon-tint
  • icon-edit
  • icon-share
  • icon-check
  • icon-move
  • icon-step-backward
  • icon-fast-backward
  • icon-backward
  • icon-play
  • icon-pause
  • icon-stop
  • icon-forward
  • icon-fast-forward
  • icon-step-forward
  • icon-eject
  • icon-chevron-left
  • icon-chevron-right
  • icon-plus-sign
  • icon-minus-sign
  • icon-remove-sign
  • icon-ok-sign
  • icon-question-sign
  • icon-info-sign
  • icon-screenshot
  • icon-remove-circle
  • icon-ok-circle
  • icon-ban-circle
  • icon-arrow-left
  • icon-arrow-right
  • icon-arrow-up
  • icon-arrow-down
  • icon-share-alt
  • icon-resize-full
  • icon-resize-small
  • icon-plus
  • icon-minus
  • icon-asterisk
  • icon-exclamation-sign
  • icon-gift
  • icon-leaf
  • icon-fire
  • icon-eye-open
  • icon-eye-close
  • icon-warning-sign
  • icon-plane
  • icon-calendar
  • icon-random
  • icon-comment
  • icon-magnet
  • icon-chevron-up
  • icon-chevron-down
  • icon-retweet
  • icon-shopping-cart
  • icon-folder-close
  • icon-folder-open
  • icon-resize-vertical
  • icon-resize-horizontal
  • icon-hdd
  • icon-bullhorn
  • icon-bell
  • icon-certificate
  • icon-thumbs-up
  • icon-thumbs-down
  • icon-hand-right
  • icon-hand-left
  • icon-hand-up
  • icon-hand-down
  • icon-circle-arrow-right
  • icon-circle-arrow-left
  • icon-circle-arrow-up
  • icon-circle-arrow-down
  • icon-globe
  • icon-wrench
  • icon-tasks
  • icon-filter
  • icon-briefcase
  • icon-fullscreen

Built as a sprite

Instead of making every icon an extra request, we've compiled them into a sprite—a bunch of images in one file that uses CSS to position the images with background-position. This is the same method we use on Twitter.com and it has worked well for us.

All icons classes are prefixed with .icon- for proper namespacing and scoping, much like our other components. This will help avoid conflicts with other tools.

Glyphicons has granted us use of the Halflings set in our open-source toolkit so long as we provide a link and credit here in the docs. Please consider doing the same in your projects.

How to use

Bootstrap uses an <i> tag for all icons, but they have no case class—only a shared prefix. To use, place the following code just about anywhere:

<i class="icon-search"></i>

There are also styles available for inverted (white) icons, made ready with one extra class:

<i class="icon-search icon-white"></i>

There are 140 classes to choose from for your icons. Just add an <i> tag with the right classes and you're set. You can find the full list in sprites.less or right here in this document.

Heads up! When using beside strings of text, as in buttons or nav links, be sure to leave a space after the <i> tag for proper spacing.

Use cases

Icons are great, but where would one use them? Here are a few ideas:

  • As visuals for your sidebar navigation
  • For a purely icon-driven navigation
  • For buttons to help convey the meaning of an action
  • With links to share context on a user's destination

Essentially, anywhere you can put an <i> tag, you can put an icon.

Examples

Use them in buttons, button groups for a toolbar, navigation, or prepended form inputs.

User

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